For the first time, the monograph systematizes the materials of studying human dermatoglyphics in medicine, physical education and sports. The method of its study is given. Features of dermatoglyphics formation in patients with chromosomal diseases, people predisposed to diseases of the cardiovascular, respiratory, endocrine and other systems and organs are described. The facts about dermatoglyphics as a genetic marker of human motor talent are summarized. For students of biological, medical and pedagogical specialties, specialties of physical education and sports. The monograph can be useful for high school teachers and practitioners: doctors, teachers, coaches and athletes.