In the 1920s, publications appeared, claiming that many talents of Yiddish literature were concentrated in Ukraine. This fair statement was associated with the work of Sholom Aleichem, as well as modernist writers of the so-called Kyiv Group - David Bergelson, David Hofstein, Pepper Markish, Dera Nister and Leib (Leo) Kvitko. Almost all of them later became victims of Stalin's repression. In this book, Gennady Estreich, a professor at New York University, analyzes the creative and ideological pursuits of writers, journalists, actors, educators, and philologists who have participated in the creation and development of the Jewish cultural environment in Ukraine.